According to the Talmud1 much of the Hebrew Bible was codified by the Anshei K'nesset HaGedolah in 450 BC. The final canon of the 24 books in the Tanakh, however, probably occurred between 200 BC and 200 AD. The Bible, on the other hand, is an entirely different story.
Jewish scholars began a translation of the Hebrew Torah into Koine Greek for Ptolemy II Philadelphus between 285—246 BC. Additional works were translated over the next two centuries and the result, known as the Septuagint,2 was a somewhat indefinite collection of writings far beyond the Jewish canon.
The earliest manuscripts, either in Koine Greek or Latin (the Ventus Latina), all relied, at least to some degree, on the Septuagint for the Old Testament. There was, however, a wider variation in their content for the New Testament, which was probably written in the second half of the first century AD. The earliest known list of NT books, from the so-called Muratorian Fragment, dates to ca.170 AD.
The first real attempt to codify the Bible was by St. Jerome. In 383 AD he was commissioned by Pope Damacus I to revise the Ventus Latina. Jerome eventually revised the entire work, not only from the Latin texts but also new translations from the Septuagint and Hebrew texts. The resulting Biblia Vulgata became the de facto canon in the West until the reformation.
Luther, in his influential 1534 German bible, removed some of the Old Testament books he considered apocryphal. In response to Luthers’ Bible and the Reformation, the Catholic canon was finalized during the Council of Trent on April 8, 1546. The Protestant canon, without the deuterocanonical books, was considered official after The Thirty Nine Articles of 1563. Other Christian religions, such as the Eastern Orthodox, Ethiopian Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, and Syriatic Orthodox have yet different canons.
This list follows the order of the Biblia Vulgata, and therefore the books of the Tanakh, especially the Ketuvim, are not in proper sequence.
Old Testament
Tanakh
Septuagint
Biblia Vulgata
Douay-Rheims
King James
בראשית ‧ Breishit
Γένεσις ‧ Génesis
Liber Genesis, Hebraice Beresith
Book of Genesis
The First Book of Moses, called Genesis
שמות ‧ Shmot
Ἔξοδος ‧ Éxodos
Liber Exodus, Hebraice Veelle Semoth
Book of Exodus
The Second Book of Moses, called Exodus
ויקרא ‧ Vayikra
Λευϊτικόν ‧ Leuitikón
Liber Leviticus, Hebraice Vaicra
Book of Leviticus
The Third Book of Moses, called Leviticus
במדבר ‧ Bamidbar
Ἀριθμοί ‧ Arithmoi
Liber Numeri, Hebraice Vaiedabber
Book of Numbers
The Fourth Book of Moses, called Numbers
דברים ‧ D'varim
Δευτερονόμιον ‧ Deuteronómion
Liber Deuteronomii, Hebraice Elle Haddebarim
Book of Deuteronomy
The Fifth Book of Moses, called Deuteronomy
יהושע ‧ Y'hoshua
Ἰησοῦς Nαυῆ ‧ Iêsous Nauê
Liber Iosue, Hebraice Iehosua
Book of Josue
The Book of Joshua
שופטים ‧ Shophtim
Κριταί ‧ Krital
Liber Iudicum, Hebraice Sophetim
Book of Judges
The Book of Judges
רות ‧ Rut
Ῥούθ ‧ Roúth
Liber Ruth
Book of Ruth
The Book of Ruth
שמואל ‧ Sh'muela
Βασιλειῶν Αʹ ‧ I Reigns
Liber Primus Samuelis, Quem Nos Primum Regum Dicimus
First Book of Samuel, alias 1 Kings
The First Book of Samuel, otherwise called the First Book of the Kings
שמואל ‧ Sh'muela
Βασιλειῶν Βʹ ‧ II Reigns
Liber Secundus Samuelis, Quem Nos Secundum Regum Dicimus
Second Book of Samuel, alias 2 Kings
The Second Book of Samuel, otherwise called the Second Book of the Kings
מלכים ‧ M'lakhimb
Βασιλειῶν Γʹ ‧ III Reigns
Liber Regum Tertius, Secundum Hebraeos Primus Malachim
Third Book of Kings
The First Book of the Kings, commonly called the Third Book of the Kings
מלכים ‧ M'lakhimb
Βασιλειῶν Δʹ ‧ IV Reigns
Liber Regum Quartus, Secundum Hebraeos Malachim Secundus
Fourth Book of Kings
The Second Book of the Kings, commonly called the Fourth Book of the Kings
דברי הימים ‧ Divrei Hayamimc
Παραλειπομένων Αʹ ‧ I Paralipomenon
Liber Primus Paralipomenon, Hebraice Dibre Haiamim
First Book of Paralipomenon
The First Book of the Chronicles
דברי הימים ‧ Divrei Hayamimc
Παραλειπομένων Βʹ ‧ II Paralipomenon
Liber Secundus Paralipomenon, Hebraice Dibre Haiamim
Second Book of Paralipomenon
The Second Book of the Chronicles
עזרא ונחמיה ‧ Ezra v'Nekhemiad
Ἔσδρας Αʹ ‧ I Esdras
Liber Primus Esdrae
First Book of Esdras
(The First Book of Esdras)e
עזרא ונחמיה ‧ Ezra v'Nekhemiad
Ἔσδρας Βʹ ‧ II Esdras
Liber Nehemiae, Qui Et Esdrae Secundus Dicitur
Book of Nehemias, alias 2 Esdras
(The Second Book of Esdras)e
—
Τωβίτ ‧ Tobit
Liber Tobiae
Book of Tobias
(Tobit)e
—
Ἰουδίθ ‧ Ioudith
Liber Iudith
Book of Judith
(Judith)e
אסתר ‧ Esther
Ἐσθήρ ‧ Esther
Liber Esther
Book of Esther
The Book of Esther
—
—
Liber Primus Machabaeorum
First Book of Machabees
(The First Book of the Macabees)e
—
—
Liber Secundus Machabaeorum
Second Book of Machabees
(The Second Book of the Macabees)e
איוב ‧ Iyov
Ἰώβ ‧ Iōb
Liber Iob
Book of Job
The Book of Job
תהלים ‧ Tehilim
Ψαλμοί ‧ Psalms
Liber Psalmorum
Book of Psalms
The Book of Psalms
משלי ‧ Mishlei
Παροιμίαι ‧ Proverbs
Liber Proverbiorum, Quem Hebraei Misle Appellant
Book of Proverbs
The Proverbs
קהלת ‧ Kohelet
Ἐκκλησιαστής ‧ Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes, Qui Ab Hebraeis Coheleth Appellatur
Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes, or, The Preacher
שיר השירים ‧ Shir Hashirim
Ἆσμα Ἀσμάτων ‧ Song of Songs
Canticum Canticorum Salomonis, Quod Hebraice Dicitur Sir Hasirim
Solomon's Canticle of Canticles
The Song of Solomon
—
Σοφία Σαλoμῶντος ‧ Wisdom of Solomon
Liber Sapientiae
Book of Wisdom
(The Wisdom of Solomon)e
—
Σοφία Ἰησοῦ Σειράχ ‧ Wisdom of Jesus the son of Seirach
Ecclesiasticus
Ecclesiasticus
(The Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus)e
ישעיה ‧ Y'shayahu
Ἠσαΐας ‧ Hesaias
Prophetia Isaiae
Prophecy of Isaias
The Book of the Prophet Isaiah
ירמיה ‧ Yir'mi'yahu
Ἱερεμίας ‧ Hieremias
Prophetia Ieremiae
Prophecy of Jeremias
The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah
איכה ‧ Eikhah
Θρῆνοι ‧ Lamentations
Threni, Idest Lamentationes Ieremiae Prophetae
Lamentations of Jeremias
The Lamentations of Jeremiah
—
Βαρούχ ‧ Baruch
Prophetia Baruch
Prophecy of Baruch
(Baruch)e
יחזקאל ‧ Y'khezqel
Ἰεζεκιήλ ‧ Iezekiêl
Prophetia Ezechielis
Prophecy of Ezechiel
The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel
דניאל ‧ Dani'el
Δανιήλ ‧ Daniêl
Prophetia Danielis
Prophecy of Daniel
The Book of Daniel
הושע ‧ Hosheaf
Ὡσηέ Αʹ ‧ Osëe
Prophetia Osee
Prophecy of Osee
Hosea
יואל ‧ Yo'elf
Ἰωήλ Δʹ ‧ Ioel
Prophetia Ioel
Prophecy of Joel
Joel
עמוס ‧ Amosf
Ἀμώς Βʹ ‧ Ämōs
Prophetia Amos
Prophecy of Amos
Amos
עובדיה ‧ Ovadyahf
Ὀβδίου Εʹ ‧ Obdias
Prophetia Abdiae
Prophecy of Abdias
Obadiah
יונה ‧ Yonahf
Ἰωνᾶς Ϛ' ‧ Ionas
Prophetia Ionae
Prophecy of Jonas
Jonah
מיכה ‧ Mikhahf
Μιχαίας Γʹ ‧ Michaias
Prophetia Michaeae
Prophecy of Micheas
Micah
נחום ‧ Nakhumf
Ναούμ Ζʹ ‧ Naoum
Prophetia Nahum
Prophecy of Nahum
Nahum
חבקוק ‧ Havakukf
Ἀμβακούμ Ηʹ ‧ Ambakum
Prophetia Habacuc
Prophecy of Habacuc
Habakkuk
צפניה ‧ Ts'phanyahf
Σοφονίας Θʹ ‧ Sophonias
Prophetia Sophoniae
Prophecy of Sophonias
Zephaniah
חגי ‧ Khagaif
Ἀγγαῖος Ιʹ ‧ Ängaios
Prophetia Aggaei
Prophecy of Aggeus
Haggai
זכריה ‧ Z'kharyahf
Ζαχαρίας ΙΑʹ ‧ Zacharias
Prophetia Zachariae
Prophecy of Zacharias
Zechariah
מלאכי ‧ Mal'akhif
Ἄγγελος ΙΒʹ ‧ Messenger
Prophetia Malachiae
Prophecy of Malachias
Malachi
New Testament
Biblia Vulgata
Douay-Rheims
King James
Sanctum Iesu Christi Evangelium Secundum Matthaeum
Gospel According to St. Matthew
The Gospel According to St. Matthew
Sanctum Iesu Christi Evangelium Secundum Marcum
Gospel According to St. Mark
The Gospel According to St. Mark
Sanctum Iesu Christi Evangelium Secundum Lucam
Gospel According to St. Luke
The Gospel According to St. Luke
Sanctum Iesu Christi Evangelium Secundum Ioannem
Gospel According to St. John
The Gospel According to St. John
Actus Apostolorum
Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Romanos
Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Corinthios Prima
First Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians
The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Corinthios Secunda
Second Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians
The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Galatas
Epistle of St. Paul to the Galatians
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Ephesios
Epistle of St. Paul to the Ephesians
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Ephesians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Philippenses
Epistle of St. Paul to the Philippians
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Colossenses
Epistle of St. Paul to the Colossians
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Thessalonicenses Prima
First Epistle of St. Paul to the Thessalonians
The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Thessalonicenses Secunda
Second Epistle of St. Paul to the Thessalonians
The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Timotheum Prima
First Epistle of St. Paul to Timothy
The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Timotheum Secunda
Second Epistle of St. Paul to Timothy
The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Titum
Epistle of St. Paul to Titus
The Epistle of Paul to Titus
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Philemonem
Epistle of St. Paul to Philemon
The Epistle of Paul to Philemon
Epistola Beati Pauli Apostoli Ad Hebraeos
Epistle of St. Paul to the Hebrews
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews
Epistola Catholica Beati Iacobi Apostoli
Catholic Epistle of St. James the Apostle
The General Epistle of James
Epistola Beati Petri Apostoli Prima
First Epistle of St. Peter the Apostle
The First Epistle General of Peter
Epistola Beati Petri Apostoli Secunda
Second Epistle of St. Peter the Apostle
The Second Epistle General of Peter
Epistola Beati Ioannis Apostoli Prima
First Epistle of St. John the Apostle
The First Epistle General of John
Epistola Beati Ioannis Apostoli Secunda
Second Epistle of St. John the Apostle
The Second Epistle of John
Epistola Beati Ioannis Apostoli Tertia
Third Epistle of St. John the Apostle
The Third Epistle of John
Epistola Catholica Beati Iudae Apostoli
Catholic Epistle of St. Jude the Apostle
The General Epistle of Jude
Apocalypsis Beati Ionannis Apostoli
Apocalypse of St. John the Apostle
The Revelation of St. John the Divine
a. Sh'muel is considered one book the Tanakh, but two books in the bible, i.e.: 1 Saumuel, 2 Samuel.
b. M'lakhim is considered one book the Tanakh, but two books in the bible, i.e.: 3 Kings, 4 Kings.
c. Divrei Hayamim is considered one book the Tanakh, but two books in the bible, i.e.: 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles.
d. Ezra v'Nekhemia is considered one book the Tanakh, but two books in the bible, i.e.: Esdras and Nehemias.
e. The deuterocanonical books are considered apochryphal in King James.
f. תרי עשר (the Twelve), or the twelve phophets, or the minor prophets, are considered a single book in both the Tanakh and the Septuagint, but 12 separate books in the Bible.
1. Which itself was written between 200–500 AD.
2. The Septuagint, or simply LXX, is from the Latin septuaginta (seventy) and refers to the supposed 70 (or maybe 72) Jewish scholars who translated the Hebrew texts.
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24 Mar 2009, updated 25 Jan 2010 ‧ Lists & Tables