Codex xcix

The Solar System

The solar system consists of one normal main-sequence (G2V) star and the celestial objects bound to it by gravity, including (as of today) eight planets, five dwarf planets, 173 natural satellites and billions of small rocks and ice chunks, such as asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.

Initially the planets and their satellites were named after Greek or Roman mythological figures, except Uranus, whose satellites were named after Shakespearian characters. More recently, having used up all of the good Roman and Greek gods, discoverers have named their finds after Celtic, Gaulish, Hawaiian, Inuit, Norse, Rapa Nui, Tongva or Wayuu gods.¹

Solar System

PLANETS
Dwarf Planets
Everything else

SUN ‧ SOL ‧ Ἥλιος

The Terrestrial Planets

MERCURY ‧ MERCURIUS

VENUS ‧ VENUS

EARTH ^a
I. Moon ‧ Luna ^b

MARS ‧ MARS
I. Phobos ‧ Φόβος
II. Deimos ‧ Δείμος

The Asteroid Belt

4 Vesta ‧ Vesta
15 Eunomia ‧ Ευνομία
3 Juno ‧ Iūno
1 Ceres ‧ Ceres
2 Pallas ‧ Παλλάς
16 Psyche ‧ Ψυχή
704 Interamnia ‧ Interamnium
10 Hygiea ‧ Υγιεία
511 Davida
et. al.

The Jovian Planets

JUPITER ‧ IUPPITER
I. Io ‧ Ἰώ
II. Europa ‧ Εὐρώπη
III. Ganymede ‧ Γανυμήδης ^c
IV. Callisto ‧ Καλλιστώ
V. Amalthea ‧ Αμάλθεια
VI. Himalia ‧ ‘Ιμαλíα
VII. Elara ‧ Ελάρα
VIII. Pasiphaë ‧ Πασιφάη
IX. Sinope ‧ Σινώπη
X. Lysithea ‧ Λυσιθέα
XI. Carme ‧ Κάρμη
XII. Ananke ‧ Ανάγκη
XIII. Leda ‧ Λήδα
XIV. Thebe ‧ Θήβη
XV. Adrastea ‧ Αδράστεια
XVI. Metis ‧ Μήτις
XVII. Callirrhoe ‧ Καλλιρρόη
XVIII. Themisto ‧ Θεμιστώ
XIX. Megaclite ‧ Μεγακλειτη
XX. Taygete ‧ Ταϋγέτη
XXI. Chaldene ‧ Χαλδηνη
XXII. Harpalyke ‧ Ἁρπαλύκη
XXIII. Kalyke ‧ Καλύκη
XXIV. Iocaste ‧ Ιοκάστη
XXV. Erinome ‧ Ερινομη
XXVI. Isonoe ‧ Ισονοη
XXVII. Praxidike ‧ Πραξιδίκη
XXVIII. Autonoe ‧ Αυτονόη
XXIX Thyone ‧ Θυώνη
XXX. Hermippe ‧ Ερμίππη
XXXI. Aitne ‧ Άιτνη
XXXII. Eurydome ‧ Ευριδομη
XXXIII. Euanthe ‧ Ευάνθη
XXXIV. Euporie ‧ Ευπορίη
XXXV. Orthosie
XXXVI. Sponde ‧ Σπονδή
XXXVII. Kale ‧ Καλη
XXXVIII. Pasithee ‧ Πασιθέη
XXXIV. Hegemone ‧ Ἡγεμόνη
LX. Mneme ‧ Μνήμη
LXI. Aoede ‧ Αοιδή
LXII. Thelxinoe ‧ Θελξινόη
LXIII. Arche ‧ Αρχη
LXIV. Kallichore ‧ Καλλιχόρη
LXV. Helike ‧ Ἑλίκη
LXVI. Carpo ‧ Καρπώ
LXVII. Eukelade ‧ Ευκελαδη
LXVIII. Cyllene ‧ Κυλλήνη
LXVIX. Kore ‧ Κόρη
L. S/2003 J2
LI. S/2003 J3
LII. S/2003 J4
LIII. S/2003 J5
LIV. S/2003 J9
LV. S/2003 J10
LVI. S/2003 J12
LVII. S/2003 J15
LVIII. S/2003 J16
LVIX. S/2003 J17
LX. S/2003 J18
LXI. S/2003 J19
LXII. S/2003 J23

SATURN ‧ SATURNUS
I. Mimas ‧ Μίμᾱς
II. Enceladus ‧ Εγκέλαδος
III. Tethys ‧ Τηθύς
IV. Dione ‧ Διώνη
V. Rhea ‧ Ῥέᾱ
VI. Titan ‧ Τιτάν
VII. Hyperion ‧ Ὑπερίων
VIII. Iapetus ‧ Ιαπετός
IX. Erriapus
X. Phoebe ‧ Φοίβη
XI. Janus ‧ Ιανός
XII. Epimetheus ‧ Επιμηθεύς
XIII. Helene ‧ Ἑλένη
XIV. Telesto ‧ ελεστώ
XV. Calypso ‧ Καλυψώ
XVI. Kiviuq
XVII. Atlas ‧ Άτλας
XVIII. Prometheus ‧ Προμηθέας
XIX. Pandora ‧ Πανδώρα
XX. Pan ‧ Πάν
XXI. Ymir
XXII. Paaliaq
XXIII. Tarvos ‧ Tarvos Trigaranus
XXIV. Ijiraq
XXV. Suttungr
XXVI. Mundilfari
XXVII. Albiorix
XXVIII. Skathi
XXIX. Siarnaq
XXX. Thrymr ‧ Þrymr
XXXI. Narvi ‧ Narfi
XXXII. Methone ‧ Μεθωνη
XXXIII. Pallene ‧ Παλλήνη
XXXIV. Polydeuces ‧ Πολυδεύκης
XXXV. Daphnis ‧ Δαφνίς
XXXVI. Aegir ‧ Ægir
XXXVII. Bebhionn ‧ Bébinn
XXXVIII. Bergelmir
XXXIX. Bestla
XL. Farbauti ‧ Fárbauti
XLI. Fenrir ‧ Fenrisúlfr
XLII. Fornjot
XLIII Hati ‧ Hati Hróðvitnisson
XLIV. Hyrokkin
XLV. Kari ‧ Kári
XLVI. Loge ‧ Logi
XLVII. Skoll ‧ Sköll
XLVIII. Surtur ‧ Surtr
XLIX. S/2004 S7
L. S/2004 S12
LI. S/2004 S13
LII. S/2004 S17
LIII. S/2006 S1
LIV. S/2006 S3
LV. Greip
LVI. Jarnsaxa ‧ Járnsaxa
LVII. Tarqeq
LVIII. S/2007 S2
LVIX. S/2007 S3
LX. Anthe ‧ Άνθη
LXI. S/2008 S1

URANUS ‧ Οὐρανός
I. Cordelia
II. Ophelia
III. Bianca
IV. Cressida
V. Desdemona
VI. Juliet
VII. Portia
VIII. Rosalind
IX. Mab
X. Belinda
XI. Perdita
XII. Puck
XIII. Cupid
XIV. Miranda
XV. Francisco
XVI. Ariel
XVII. Umbriel
XVIII. Titania
XVIX. Oberon
XX. Caliban
XXI. Stephano
XXII. Trinculo
XXIII. Sycorax
XXIV. Margaret
XV. Prospero
XVI. Setebos
XVII. Ferdinand

NEPTUNE ‧ NEPTUNUS
I. Triton ‧ Τρίτων
II. Nereid ‧ Νηρηΐδα
III. Naiad ‧ Ναϊάδ-ες
IV. Thalassa ‧ Θάλασσα
V. Despina ‧ Δέσποινα
VI. Galatea ‧ Γαλάτεια
VII. Larissa ‧ Λάρισα
VIII. Proteus ‧ Πρωτεύς
IX. Halimede ‧ Αλιμήδη
X. Psamathe ‧ Ψαμάθη
XI. Sao ‧ Σαώ
XII. Laomedeia ‧ Λαομέδεια
XIII. Neso ‧ Νησώ

The Trans-Neptunian region

Orcus ‧ Orcus

134340 Pluto ‧ Pluto
I. Charon ‧ Χάρων
II. Nix ‧ Νύξ
III. Hydra ‧ Ύδρα

Ixion ‧ Ιξίων

Huya ‧ Juyá

Varuna ‧ वरुण

2002 TX₃₀₀

136108 Haumea
I. Hi'iaka
II. Namaka

Quaoar

136472 Makemake

2002 AW₁₉₇

2002 TC₃₀₂

136199 Eris ‧ Έρις
I. Dysnomia

et. al.

a. The Earth is the only planet not named after a Greek or Roman mythological character. The name comes from the Indo-European base er- (OE: eorthe, ME: erthe). The Latin word for Earth is terra.

b. The IAU systematically names satellites with Roman numerals, e.g. the Moon is Earth I, or Deimos is Mars II or Pallene is Saturn XXXIII.

c. Ganymede is the largest natural satellite in the solar system. It is larger (although less massive²) than Mercury.

1. For more information about the planetary and satellite names, see the IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. For a list of minor planet names, see the Minor Planet Centers’ List of Minor Planet Names.

2. Mercury: v=6.083 × 10¹⁰ km³, d=5.427 g/cm vs. Ganymede: v=7.6 × 10¹⁰ km³, d=1.936 g/cm. You do the math, or, if you are like my daughter, perhaps not.